Existing Therapeutics vs.
New Therapeutic Pipeline
The company has focused on, and successfully achieved, the creation of a new chemical class based on its novel design strategy.
Existing Therapeutics
SULFONYLUREAS
Stimulate β cells T0 secrete insulin.
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
MEGLITINIDES
Stimulate β cells T0 secrete insulin.
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
BIGUANIDEs
Reduce liver glucose production; increase gut peptide secretion
Side effects: lactic acidosis, muscle pain,
slow heartbeat
GLITAZONES
Enhance insulin action in liver, fat, muscle
Side effects: weight gain, fluid retention
α-glucosidase inhibitors
Decreases breakdown of starchy foods / carbohydrates
Side effects:
Bloating, flatulence
insulin-treatment
Insulin injection is used to take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body. It works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
Side effects: Swelling of your arms and legs. Weight gain. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This needs to be treated. Injection site reactions. Skin changes at the injection site (lipodystrophy).
dpp-4 inhibitors
Increase incretin hormone action, increase insulin secretion and lower glucagon levels
Side effects: gastrointestinal problems flu-like symptoms, skin reactions
New therapeutic pipeline
sglt2 inhibitors
Are a new class of diabetic medications currently indicated in the u.s. only for the treatment of T2DM. in conjunction with exercise and a healthy diet, SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to improve glycemic control.
Side effects:
Uti, genital fungal infection, dyslipidemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, bladder/breast cancer
Incretins such as glp-1
Are natural hormones that tell the body to release insulin after eating. GLP-1 agonists offer the dual benefit of lowering blood glucose level and providing positive effects on body weight, however they have high discontinuation rate due to gi adverse events and are also costly. The DPP-4 class of drugs increase levels of GLP-1 and gip via inhibition of the principal enzyme responsible for the degradation of endogenous GLP-1, and increase insulin secretion.
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, headaches, constipation
GPR119 AGONISTS
May have synergistic benefit with DPP4 and SGLT2 inhibitors as they target a different pathway to reduce blood glucose levels. Industry analysts note that most of the regulatory pipeline consists of “me-too” drugs, not novel therapeutics which are expected to meet unmet market needs.
Side effects: has the potential to offer less or no side effects than existing therapeutics
PRAMANA’S LEAD COMPOUND
Is a new class of GPR119 agonist with high bioavailability, that is expected to be efficacious in glucose modulation and weight reduction in a once daily dosage.